By 16 April at 03:00 UTC, Tropical Cyclone SINLAKU’s centre was located over the ocean approximately 144 km west of Alamagan Island, with maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h.

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), a total of 1 080 people remain evacuated in 16 evacuation centres, 320 in the Northern Mariana Islands and 760 in Guam. Additionally, FEMA and media report power and water outages, particularly on Guam, Saipan, Rota and Tinian.

Over the next 48 hours, heavy to very heavy rainfall, strong winds and storm surges are forecast for most of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam. A Typhoon Warning remains in effect for Rota, Tinian, Saipan, Alamagan, Pagan and Agrihan islands.

The US Coast Guard News advised mariners of outages in VHF radio communications coverage in the vicinity of Guam, Rota, Saipan and surrounding areas in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands on Wednesday.

Mariners should anticipate reduced reception and transmission capabilities that may potentially impact distress and safety communications.

Remote fixed facility tower outages have impacted coverage around Guam, Rota, and Saipan, extending from coastal areas to 20 nautical miles offshore.

Joint Rescue Coordination Center Honolulu watch-standers issued a safety marine information broadcast and SafetyNET broadcast informing mariners of outages.

Meanwhile, Malaysia, Indonesia, Panama and Haiti are also all experiencing severe weather and flooding.

And you can take it from me that winter officially started on Friday the 17^th in the Western Cape. A powerful cold front arrived in the early morning, with lots of rain, with a large amount of cold Antarctic air behind it, resulting in snow being experienced in the Matroosberg mountains, and, according to snowreport.co.za, forecast for the peaks of Franschoek, Paarl, Worcester, De Doorns, Montagu, Ceres, Tulbagh, the Koue Bokkeveld and the Cedarberg, as well as the Swartberg mountains, for the weekend. Time for the thermal underwear indeed!

Meanwhile, the measles epidemic in children in Bangladesh is spreading, with 19161 cases hospitalized and 166 deaths reported. 22 million doses of vaccine are being distributed, and 943000 children under the age of 5 have been immunized so far. Vaccinate your children, people!

For those of you still suffering from the heat trapped inside your closed car parked somewhere, you’ll be excited to hear that a transparent radiative cooling film technology that dissipates heat directly to the outside without consuming electricity has been developed to reduce vehicle overheating during summer. The technology was validated through real-vehicle experiments conducted under diverse conditions—including different countries, seasons, and both parking and driving scenarios—and demonstrated the ability to lower cabin temperatures by up to 6.1°C and reduce cooling energy consumption by more than 20%.

The website phys.org says that Seoul National University College of Engineering announced that a research team has designed and fabricated a large-area Scalable Transparent Radiative Cooling (STRC) film applicable to vehicle windows. Through real-vehicle evaluations conducted under various climatic and driving conditions, the team demonstrated both energy-saving and carbon reduction effects.

This research was published online on February 4 in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.

Vehicles exposed to solar radiation in summer experience rapid increases in cabin temperature, resulting in substantial cooling energy consumption. Conventional automotive Low-E coatings and tinting films can partially block incoming solar radiation but fail to dissipate effectively heat already accumulated inside the vehicle, thereby limiting their cooling performance.

Radiative cooling technology, which has attracted attention as an alternative, simultaneously blocks incoming solar energy and emits internal heat to the outside, enabling passive cooling without electricity. However, most previously developed radiative cooling materials are opaque, making them unsuitable for application to vehicle windows, which are the primary entry points for heat.

To overcome this limitation, the research team developed a large-area transparent radiative cooling film with a multilayer structure that maintains over 70% visible light transmittance, reflects near-infrared solar radiation, and emits heat from the vehicle interior in the mid-infrared range. This film suppresses temperature rise inside the vehicle without consuming electrical energy and reduces the time required to reach thermal comfort, thereby minimizing energy consumption in electric vehicles.

Real-vehicle experiments conducted across different climatic regions—including Korea, the United States, and Pakistan—and under varying conditions such as summer and winter, as well as parking and driving scenarios, confirmed that vehicles equipped with the STRC film consistently maintained lower cabin temperatures under all conditions.

And in bad news for the vapers of the world, phys.org also reports that a study published in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry by University of Technology Sydney (UTS) researchers showed that even short-term vaping at exposure levels below typical daily human use resulted in measurable accumulation of toxic metals in lung tissue—including lead, copper and nickel.

Lead researcher Dr. Dayanne Bordin, a lecturer in analytical chemistry, said the pre-clinical study provides the first evidence that e-cigarette aerosols include metal-containing (organometallic) species, including those associated with tin and mercury—forms that are often more bioavailable and biologically reactive than inorganic metals.

“From a risk perspective, the findings reveal under-recognized hazards associated with vaping,” she said.

“Metal emissions and their biological effects are rarely incorporated into current safety assessments or public understanding. Unlike cigarettes, which are relatively consistent products, e-cigarettes and devices are often manufactured with poor quality control involving materials and components with unknown toxicological relevance.

“The metal profiles observed are consistent with emissions from heating coils and electrical components, identifying the device itself as a critical source of exposure and highlighting important gaps in how vaping risks are evaluated.”

Dr. Bordin explains this is important because many people believe vaping carries less risk than conventional cigarettes. This perceived reduction in harm, along with misleading marketing campaigns, has contributed to the rapid uptake of e-cigarettes globally, particularly among younger demographics. In Australia, for example, e-cigarette use among young adults increased from 5.3% in 2019 to over 21% in 2023, with a similar rise in adolescents.

“Our findings challenge the assumption that e-cigarettes are safer and show how critical it is to review current vaping regulations, which should be expanded to include device-derived emissions, not just the e-liquid composition,” she said.

“Vaping can deliver toxic metals directly into the lungs, even after short-term use. This information is important for anyone considering vaping, especially young people, because these metal exposures are largely invisible and rarely discussed.”

Thank you to phys.org for this alarming report.

I hope I don’t need to remind you that increased levels of heavy metals in the body and the brain are associated with an increased risk, at an earlier age, of dementia.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, having given up smoking in 1972, and thankfully never having tried vaping ever, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

On Friday the 10^th, the Global Disaster Awareness Coordination System (GDACS) announced a Red Alert for Tropical Cyclone SINLAKU, travelling from South-east to North-west, and threatening the islands of Guam and the North Mariana Islands. With maximum wind speeds of 194 km/h, and as a category 3 hurricane, it was threatening 180000 people in its path. The maximum effect is expected to be felt on Monday the 13^th and Tuesday the 14^th of April, as SINLAKU first makes landfall over Guam.

In last week’s bulletin, I promised to share the other half of the report on the SASOL Marathon of 28^th March, received from Riaan Greeff ZS4PR, Divisional Director for HAMNET in the Free State. He wrote further:

”HAMNET acquired “Single Frequency Repeater” (SFR) Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) technology in the form of 3 repeaters and 20 hand radios for the race.  The principle of SFR is to make use of the 6.25kHz channels with 2 alternating timeslots and transmit AND receive simultaneously on the two RF channels at either timeslot 1(TS1) or timeslot 2 (TS2). 

“DMR is a digital radio mode utilizing Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) modulation.  This feature allows a repeater network to be deployed systematically into areas of need fast and effectively. Only one frequency is used, so no cavity filters are needed.  The hand/portable radios are set to follow TS1 and TS2 in the two channels and seamlessly switch between simplex and repeater mode as the signal’s strength indicator is evaluated in real time.

“The Technical team set up three repeaters in a triangle around the route. This worked well. However, when all 15 radio users were active it became troublesome to decode the DMR signals.  On investigation, it was found that the two 6,25kHz TS1 and TS2 signals were creating heterodyning for the receiving radios.  The better way to set up three or more SFR units would be to deploy the repeaters in a straight line and not in a triangle/circle/looping arrangement.

“Why is this important for HAMNET? The Barberton aeroplane accident in 2025 highlighted the need to set up repeaters quickly and easily at local high sites.  A SFR is extremely portable, and an ordinary ham can set it up in 10 minutes. The handheld radios are issued to specialists on the ground to do their work. HAMNET provides the infrastructure to deploy the hand held radio capabilities with the SFR repeaters. SFR allows effective radio signal selection management and relays signals autonomously. “

Google tells me that “a Single Frequency Repeater is a digital radio device that extends communication range using only one frequency, rather than the two required by traditional repeaters. It works by using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to receive a signal on one time slot and simultaneously retransmit it on the other time slot within the same 12.5kHz channel, eliminating the need for a duplexer and allowing for cost-effective coverage extension.

“The repeater receives a snatch of data in time slot 1 and immediately forwards it in time slot 2 (that is: 60-90 milliseconds later), enabling direct mode operations to extend range without needing to change frequencies, as is used in analogue communications. The timing is so fast that the listener cannot discern the very short breaks in the received signal. Effectively, the repeater is alternating between receiving and transmitting the signal every 60-90 milliseconds but on the same frequency.”

Furthermore, if the received signal from the sending station is strong enough, as monitored in the Received Signal Strength Indicator algorithm of the repeater, it will not be repeated, but allowed to pass directly. So the transmission proceeds in the least complicated manner.

Thank you, Riaan, for telling us of your experiments with this technology.

If you have ever worried about the efficiency of your car’s brakes, spare a thought for the Orion capsule astronauts, as they came in to splashdown at about 2am our time on Saturday morning. While still approaching our atmosphere, they were travelling at 11km per second, about 40000km/hour, 40 times faster than a typical passenger jet.

After smashing through the Earth’s atmosphere, travelling at more than 30 times the speed of sound, the spacecraft had to slow to a safe speed for landing.

As it crashed into the top of the atmosphere, the craft created a shockwave that saw the surrounding air reach temperatures of 10,000C or more. To keep humans inside safe, Orion’s heat shield is made of Avcoat, a mixture of silica, epoxy and resins that NASA also used for the original Apollo missions to the Moon.

After the initial shockwave, the heat shield experienced temperatures of around 2,700C as the crew module plummeted through the atmosphere on re-entry. The coating of 200 Avcoat tiles is just a few inches thick and is designed to burn away, transferring heat away from the spacecraft.

The astronauts then fell 122000 metres through Earth’s atmosphere and were completely out of communication with mission control as superheated plasma around the capsule disrupted radio signals.

During this descent, the crew experienced 3.9G’s, or nearly four times normal gravity. This means their bodies felt four times heavier than normal. Astronauts had to train to withstand these high G-forces on re-entry. As Orion slowed it started to cool and radio communications resumed.

At around 11000 metres, around the cruising altitude of a passenger plane, Orion opened its first of two sets of parachutes designed to slow it for the final landing. The main chutes opened at around 1800 metres, and at 900 metres they fully opened for a gentle landing.

After splashdown, a system of five airbags on top of the capsule inflated, turning Orion right side up if the capsule landed upside down.

Thank you to mirror.co.uk for that summary of events.

Finally, a reminder to all HAMNET members who are unable to attend the SARL Annual General meeting from the 1^st to 3^rd of May, to give your Proxy to vote to a HAMNET member near you who is attending. Download the Proxy Form at https://forms.gle/GeWRwJnT1aSzyZPw9, fill it in, and return it as instructed on the form. Thank you.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, wondering if I should install a deployable parachute on the back of my little car to guarantee my ability to stop, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

GDACS reports that a strong offshore earthquake of magnitude 7.8 M at a depth of 35 kilometres occurred in the northern Molucca Sea, between the islands of Sulawesi and Halmahera in Indonesia, on 1^st April at 22:48 UTC (07:48 local time). The epicentre was located 126 km west-north-west of Ternate City, on Ternate Island, North Maluku Province. A tsunami warning for a wave of about 2 metres was issued, but later retracted.

At least 18 aftershocks were recorded in the area, with magnitudes ranging from 4.4 M to 6.2 M.

USGS PAGER estimates that about 209 000 people were exposed to strong shaking and 2.1 million to moderate shaking. One fatality had been recorded by Friday the 3^rd.

In passing, on the 3^rd of April, GDACS reported on no less than 60 earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or greater round the world in the previous 24 hours. The earth was a very unsettled place on Thursday the 2^nd!

Riaan, ZS4PR, Divisional Director for HAMNET in the Free State has sent me two reports on the SASOL Marathon of the 28^th March, at which Div 4 and Div 6 amateurs assisted. I will keep the second half of the report over to next week, but here is an interesting look at an unexpected complication of such a race. Riaan writes:

”At the 31st SASOL Marathon, the Sasolburg Radio Club’s radio caravan was deployed at the D.P. de Villiers Stadium. In this communication centre, the event communication between the field operators, the ambulance services, and the logistics manager of the Sasolburg Athletics club came together. The set-up of the APRS tracking, Single Frequency Repeater (SFR) and 2m VHF repeater with the GSM SIP phone system in the caravan took place on Friday 27^th March. 

“By the time that the estimated 3500 athletes with their families/supports had arrived, (from 4am Saturday morning), the cell phone networks (all GSM services) became overwhelmed and started collapsing in the area around the stadium between 5 and 7am.  The CPF and the ambulance services using PTT-apps and WhatsApp and Zello could not communicate to their teams.  ONLY the RF-APRS tracking on 144.800MHz, the 2m FM repeater on 145.6875MHz and the SFR network (432.525MHz) were able to send signals to the logistics team who were issued the SFR handheld radios.  APRS trackers using GSM such as APRSDROID could not report positions.

“The update of the tracking maps in the Club caravan could only happen on the computer that had pre-loaded maps for the race. ALL online/internet (server) software failed to provide live and real time tracking updates for the 2-hour window the mass runners were in the area of the stadium.

“Interestingly, this lack of GSM cell service was observed to move with the main crowd of athletes as they ran through the town.  This caused localised GSM outages to the town centre and houses as the crowds moved passed.  Amateur radio infrastructure was 100% available where the GSM services failed.”

The race appears to have flowed peacefully, says, Riaan, and all amateurs from the Sasolburg area and Gauteng South are thanked for their help.

Thanks Riaan for that news. Good to know that amateur radio could hold its head up high!

Next week I’ll mention Riaan’s description of the Single Frequency Repeaters in more detail. Fiendishly cunning!

global.chinadaily.com reports that the world’s most powerful cargo drone, built by China North Industries Group Corp, conducted its first flight on Tuesday in Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province.

A prototype of the Norinco Luca, also known as the Changying-8, took off at 9:30 am from Zhengzhou Shangjie Airport and remained airborne for about 30 minutes before landing at the same site. According to Norinco UAS, the drone’s developer and a Beijing-based subsidiary of China North Industries Group Corp, engineers checked the model’s flight control, avionics, electronic and power systems and achieved the desired results.

In a news release, it said that the entire flight had been controlled by the aircraft’s intelligent systems and monitored by human controllers.

The Norinco Luca is 17 meters long with a wingspan of 25 meters, and has a takeoff weight of 7 metric tons.

The drone boasts a maximum payload capacity of 3.5 tons, equivalent to the total weight of 50 70kg adults. It can carry over 1,700 cotton coats or 700 disaster-relief tents in a single trip, delivering supplies over long distances. It has a maximum range of more than 3,000 kilometres, which is roughly equivalent to a nonstop direct flight from Beijing to Urumqi, the capital of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

It can take off and land on runways shorter than 500 meters and can use poor condition airports, such as those on plateaus and islands.

The aircraft is equipped with an 18-cubic-meter cargo bay that can be accessed from both the front and rear. According to its designers, the turnaround time can be as little as 15 minutes, greatly improving logistics turnover efficiency.

To ensure absolute operational safety, the Norinco Luca is fitted with two domestically-built turboprop engines and incorporates multiple safety redundancies for key systems, including the flight control, navigation and power supply systems. The aircraft also features smart health monitoring and fault self-diagnosis functions.

For those of you watching video streams from Artemis ll, close to the moon as I transmit this, high-resolution 4K footage is being live-streamed from the surface of the moon thanks to NASA’s laser-based O2O system. The cutting-edge Orion Artemis II Optical Communications system (O2O) will be used to beam 4K moon footage at up to 260 Mbps. We should also be treated to never-before-seen views of “the far side of the Moon, using Nikon digital cameras,” reports The BBC’s Sky at Night magazine.

The O2O system will also be used for fast and efficient transmission and receipt of procedures, pictures, flight plans, and more.

However, the astronauts are also using traditional radio communications to stay in contact with the ground team via NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN). With prior mention of the potential for cloud interference to laser comms, this could be an essential backup. DSN was the key communications tech used by Voyager, the Mars rover, and Artemis I.

Losing sight of the Earth on a planned mission to the far side of the Moon will block both laser and DSN comms, notes the source report. NASA is well aware of this ‘dark window,’ which is estimated to last for 41 minutes.

And, if you aren’t that impressed by the 260 Mbps O2O laser comms terminal’s performance, NASA’s page about this laser technology highlights a Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration it has already completed that achieved 622 Mbps. Moreover, some nearer-Earth space laser comms projects have reached data speeds up to 200 Gbps.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, keeping an eye on Nasa TV and YouTube channel, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

GDACS has been reporting for the last week that Tropical Cyclone NARELLE, affecting the North-eastern coastline of Australia, has now moved along the Northern seaboard of Australia, and has finally made landfall again on the central-western coast.

On 27 March at 06:00 UTC its centre was located 55 km south of Coral Bay and 140 km north of Carnarvon, with maximum sustained winds of 150 km/h (tropical cyclone) and with gusts of up to 205 km/h.

Media reports indicate that, after crossing the northern Northern Territory, flooding occurred, particularly due to the overflow of the Katherine River.

NARELLE is expected to weaken rapidly on 27-28 March as it progresses quickly south-southeast over land, with impacts extending to the Central West and then further inland and south across the South West Land Division of Western Australia.

During the next 48 hours very heavy rainfall, destructive winds and storm surge are predicted over most of western and south-western Western Australia. Tropical-cyclone warnings are in effect in Western Australia.

Brian Jacobs, ZS6YZ, National Director of HAMNET tells me that the Northern Cape division has a new Director, in the person of Johan Britz ZR3JB, and that his deputy divisional director will be Peet Lotriet ZS3PL. On behalf of you all, I wish Johan and Peet a successful tenure in Division 3, and hope that they will be able to activate as many of the Div 3 hams as possible, to make it a dynamic and successful region.

And Sasolburg Amateur Radio Club has had a busy weekend, assisting with the annual SASOL Marathon. Members from both Gauteng and the Free State have been assisting at the race. Riaan tells me they are experimenting with a new technology in the form of a single frequency repeater, and we look forward to a report-back from Sasolburg in the next week or so.

Here’s a drastic piece of news. Writing in universetoday.com, Mark Thompson says we are slowing our planet down. The length of a day on Earth changes constantly, nudged by the Moon’s gravitational pull, shifting winds in the atmosphere, and slow churning movements deep within the planet. It always has. Day length is, in a sense, a living measurement and one that ebbs and flows with the rhythms of a restless, dynamic world. But something new is happening.

A study just published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth by researchers at the University of Vienna and ETH Zurich has found that our days are currently getting longer at a rate unprecedented in the past 3.6 million years and the primary cause seems to be human driven climate change!                                

The mechanism proposed is simple. As global temperatures rise, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers melt, pouring water into the oceans and raising sea levels. That water spreads outward from the poles toward the equator, redistributing mass across the planet. Think of a figure skater who pulls their arms in tight to spin faster. When they stretch their arms out, they slow down. Earth is currently stretching its arms. The result is a measurable slowing of Earth’s rotation currently lengthening our day by 1.33 milliseconds per century. That sounds trivial but it isn’t.

What makes this finding remarkable is not just the number, but its context. To find out whether anything similar had happened in the past, the researchers turned to an unlikely archive, the fossilised shells of tiny single celled marine organisms called benthic foraminifera, which lived on the ocean floor millions of years ago. The chemical composition of their shells encodes records of ancient sea levels. From those sea levels, the team could mathematically reconstruct how the length of the day has changed across 3.6 million years of Earth history.

The answer was unambiguous. Nothing in that entire geological record comes close to what is happening now. Only once, roughly two million years ago, did the rate of change even approach today’s values and it was still slower. Every other period in that vast sweep of time saw Earth’s rotation influenced by natural forces alone. What sets the present moment apart is that the dominant force is no longer natural at all.

The conclusion is that the current rate of day lengthening can be attributed primarily to human activity. As lead author Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi of the University of Vienna put it, this rapid increase in day length implies that the rate of modern climate change has been unprecedented at least since the late Pliocene, 3.6 million years ago.

There are consequences however; spacecraft navigation, satellite positioning, GPS systems, and even computing infrastructure all depend on accurate knowledge of Earth’s rotation rate. As that rate changes, so does the need to correct for it, creating a cascade of recalibration challenges for the systems our modern world quietly relies upon.

Looking ahead, the numbers only get larger. Under high greenhouse gas emission scenarios, the day could be lengthening by 2.62 milliseconds per century by 2080. By that point, climate change is projected to be influencing Earth’s rotation more strongly than the Moon itself. The Moon has been slowing our planet for billions of years. We have apparently managed to compete with it in just a few decades.

And NASA’s newsletter of yesterday says that their ARTEMIS ll mission, the first crewed flight of the Artemis programme, is targeted for launch no earlier than 22h24 UTC on Wednesday 1^st April, with a two-hour launch window that evening.

Real time mission coverage will stream continuously on NASA’s YouTube channel. As bandwidth allows, NASA will also offer a dedicated feed showing views from the Orion spacecraft. Daily mission status briefings from NASA’s Johnson Space Center will begin on April 2, with the exception of April 6 due to lunar flyby operations. All times may shift depending on the actual launch time and mission activities.

Throughout the mission, the crew will take part in live conversations, known as downlinks. NASA will post the exact schedule for these downlink events on the Artemis blog.

Artemis II builds on the success of the un-crewed Artemis I in 2022, and will demonstrate a broad range of capabilities needed on deep space missions. The Artemis II test flight will be NASA’s first mission with crew aboard the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket and the Orion spacecraft.

You may remember that Artemis is the Greek goddess of the hunt, wilderness, wild animals, virginity, and childbirth. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, the twin sister of Apollo, and a prominent Olympian deity often depicted with a bow and arrows. Artemis is renowned as a fierce protector of her sacred spaces, young women, and animals.

Let us hope that Artemis will protect her 4 astronauts as they do an orbit around the moon and return to earth safely.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

Greg Mossop G0DUB, IARU region 1 emergency communications coordinator has issued a statement regarding the ITU. He says:

“The ITU have updated the recommendations to the Amateur Service for how they would like our service to prepare for emergencies. This Recommendation is something I have referred to in presentations for many years but things have changed a bit in this version. The changes are:

‘1 that administrations should encourage the development of amateur service and amateur-satellite service networks capable of providing radio communications in the event of natural disasters or other emergencies, and that these networks are available when called upon by appropriate authorities;

‘2 that these amateur and amateur-satellite networks should be capable of operation in the absence of other radio communications networks and capable of operating from temporary locations, (as required) using local generator or battery based power supplies when public grid power is not available;

‘3 that amateur organizations should be encouraged:

‘3.1 to promote the design of robust organizational structures and technology systems capable of providing reliable radio communications during disasters and relief operations;

‘3.2 to train regularly so that the necessary skills to provide an effective communications support are developed and maintained for deployment during emergency events.’

“I have highlighted the changes in bold text and the changes put more focus on us being able to deliver and to be seen to regularly train. The requirements are now not just for natural disasters but ‘for other emergencies’ and having no grid power is also called out specially.”

Greg hopes further that there is enough here though to have some good conversations in our countries.

Thanks to him for the communique, and apologies to any who might have already heard me report on this.

Writing for en.clickpetroeoegas.com.br Alisson Ficher is reporting that a scientific network in the Arctic is bringing together thousands of antennas to map the ionosphere and reveal how solar particles produce the aurora borealis, a luminous phenomenon linked to space weather that can interfere with satellites, communications, and electrical systems across the planet.

Norway is making progress in building the EISCAT 3D, a next-generation scientific radar designed to observe the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space environment with greater precision.

The core of the system is located in Skibotn, in the north of the country, and encompasses approximately 10 antennas in a phased array arrangement. The structure was designed to monitor, almost in real time, variations in the ionosphere and the physical processes linked to the formation of the aurora borealis.

This phenomenon also serves as an indicator of risks to satellites, GPS navigation, radio communications, and power grids. The project does not operate in isolation.

In addition to the main facility in Norwegian territory, the EISCAT 3D integrates receivers in Finland and Sweden, forming an infrastructure focused on monitoring the Arctic sky.

Auroras appear when energetic particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field and gases in the upper atmosphere. When these particles collide with oxygen and nitrogen, they release energy in the form of light. This process produces hues that vary according to altitude and the type of atmospheric excitation.

In general, emissions associated with the aurora appear in bands of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere that extend from about 80 to 600 kilometers. The phenomenon is particularly common at altitudes between approximately 100 and 400 kilometers.

In practice, the radar system emits radio waves and analyzes the signal scattering by encountering free electrons in the ionospheric plasma.

Based on this feedback, researchers are able to estimate electron density, temperatures and velocities of plasma.

It also becomes possible to map movements that help explain how the Sun’s energy is distributed over the Polar Regions.

This type of radar allows for the measurement of parameters that were previously observed in a more limited way, such as electric fields, neutral winds, and particle flows during auroral events.

Thanks to Alisson Ficher for the report.

And Star News, reporting from Canterbury, New Zealand reports that a large number of police, army and other emergency personnel in helicopters and boats are set to descend on a Canterbury lake township this weekend.

A multi-agency search and rescue training exercise called Operation Oasis is set to take place in the Tekapo area from Friday to Sunday. The complex, multi-phase exercise is designed to test search techniques, field skills, and fatigue management in realistic conditions. More than 200 search and rescue specialists from across Canterbury will be taking part in the exercise.

This will include personnel from the police, Coastguard, Surf Life Saving New Zealand, Land Search and Rescue, Amateur Radio Emergency Communications, Alpine Rescue Canterbury, Hato Hone St John, and the New Zealand Defence Force.

“Members of the public will see increased activity in the area, with use of helicopters, boats, and Search and Rescue personnel and equipment,” a police spokesperson said.

“This is a planned, routine training exercise and the public should not be alarmed.

“We appreciate and thank the community for their understanding and support as our teams work to maintain and enhance their capability to respond to emergencies.”

Sounds like the type of exercise we in South African provinces ought to be holding.

And itbrief.asia says that Taiwan Mobile has restored telecoms services in eastern Taiwan after Typhoon Ragasa cut a key network route, and using a laser-based wireless link across a damaged river crossing.

The operator worked with Singapore-based Transcelestial and local systems integrator dBTech after the Mataian River Bridge in Hualien County collapsed in torrential rain. A communications route running beneath the bridge was severed when the structure failed.

Engineers installed a 1.25-kilometre connection using Transcelestial’s CENTAURI equipment. The link spanned the Mataian River between two sites, bypassing the damaged infrastructure.

Repairs to the bridge and the damaged route were expected to take close to six months because of the scale of reconstruction required. By contrast, the temporary laser link was deployed and made operational within days, restoring service without waiting for bridge works or ground access.

As the saying goes: “Where there is a will, there’s a way!”

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

I believe it was Julius Caesar’s wife, who first made quite a thing about the 15^th of March, known in those times as the Ides of March, warning her husband not to go to the forum on that day, because bad things happen on the Ides of March. Well, we all know how that turned out, but subsequently, Friday the 13^th seems to have been labelled as more treacherous, and we’ve just had two of those in consecutive months. I sincerely hope none of you were struck by the dreaded Friday the 13^th, and that today the Ides of March will not be worse!

Not doing too well weather-wise at the moment, around the world, are Gabon, the USA, Columbia, Ecuador, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Ethiopia and Australia, where severe weather and flooding are causing power and communications cuts, and removals to  evacuation centres, with the attendant and associated anxieties.

nbcnews.com notes that Japan marked the 15th anniversary of the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster on its northeastern coast this week. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, ravaged parts of the region, directly caused more than 22,000 deaths, and forced nearly half a million people to flee their homes, most of them due to tsunami damage.

Some 160,000 people fled their homes in Fukushima because of the radiation spewed from the tsunami-hit Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. About 26,000 of them haven’t returned because they resettled elsewhere, their home towns remain off-limits or they have lingering concerns about radiation.

Japan observed a moment of silence at 2:46 p.m. local time on Wednesday, the moment the quake occurred 15 years earlier. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, at a ceremony in Fukushima, pledged to do the utmost to accelerate the region’s recovery within the next five years and to reinforce “the valuable lessons we learned from the huge sacrifice of the disaster.”

Takaichi has pushed to accelerate reactor restarts and sought to bolster nuclear power as a stable energy source, in line with the major reversal of policy in 2022 that ended a decade-long nuclear phase-out plan.

Some residents in the tsunami-ravaged areas walked down to the coast early in the morning to pray for their loved ones and others whose remains are still missing.

More than 1 million homes, offices and schools were damaged or destroyed in the quake and tsunami in Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima and other coastal areas. Key infrastructure has been rebuilt, but communities and local economies have been slow to recover.

Gazetaexpress.com is reporting on the new (random) numbers station which is audible on shortwave (or HF) frequencies. They say that the radio signal first began broadcasting on February 28. On a noisy shortwave frequency, almost twice a day — early morning and evening according to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) — a man’s voice speaking Farsi, the language of Persia, is heard, counting out a series of seemingly random numbers.

The numbers are read at different time periods, followed by a pause during which the word “tavajjoh,” which translates as “attention,” is said three times.

The mystery of this transmission has puzzled many in the global community of amateur radio operators who analyze suspicious signals. They have exchanged notes and tips on the signal, who could be behind them, and what there purpose might be.

Starting on 4^th March, the signal began to be jammed, with a deafening electronic noise making it almost impossible to hear the numbers. The original transmission stopped for a period of time and then moved to another shortwave frequency.

“It’s interesting because it started to be jammed on the initial frequency,” said Akin Fernandez, who is widely considered an authority on the old coded radio technology known as “numbered channels.”

Regardless of who is broadcasting and who is blocking it, this mysterious broadcast is a throwback to another era, before the digital encryption widely used in apps like WhatsApp, Signal, and others.

The transmission is called a “numbers station” — a Cold War-era tool that uses radio transmissions and traditional cryptology to send secret messages — usually to spies around the world.

The concept is this: using a random series of numbers, generated by some mechanical or electronic device or something more sophisticated, one person can send an encrypted message to another person who possesses a decoder, often called a “one-time pad.”

The code of the numbers stations is “completely unbreakable,” said Fernandez, who more than two decades ago released a four-CD audio compilation containing hundreds of recordings from around the world, called “The Conet Project.” It is considered the “Bible” for numbers station enthusiasts.

“The numeric keys used are completely random. There are no mathematical operations that can be used to brute force them,” he said. “And even if the answer is found, for example in correct English, it is not necessarily understandable.”

“You can’t understand anything from a random set of letters or numbers except their length. However the length of the message is not the content of the information being transmitted,” he said.

“But it is possible to get an idea of ​​the stations’ purpose from the length of time they are active and the noise they transmit if there is no text message.”

According to Priyom, a blog run by radio enthusiasts, the Persian-language broadcast is the first new numbers station in years. Priyom was the first to identify, catalogue, and analyze the signal, which they have dubbed “V32.” American journalist Seth Hettena also mentioned the signal in a blog post on March 4.

The group says its members scattered around the world have managed to triangulate the origin of the signal transmitter: “Somewhere in an area that includes northern Italy, Switzerland, Western Germany, Eastern France, Belgium and the Netherlands”, they say.

Thanks to gazetaexpress.com for these excerpts from their report.

Well, having survived two Friday the 13^th’s and the Ides of March, I’m sure it will be an easy matter for all of you to find something green to wear on Tuesday the 17^th, to practice your best “Oirish Accent”, to be sure, and to go looking for the best source of good Irish Guinness to celebrate your narrow escape.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, hastily cultivating a shamrock in my garden, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

The Herald Online says that the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region is moving to strengthen its emergency telecommunications systems as climate-induced disasters continue to threaten lives, infrastructure and livelihoods across Southern Africa.

ICT, Postal and Courier Services Deputy Minister Dingumuzi Phuti said robust and coordinated telecommunications systems were critical in ensuring effective disaster response. He was speaking at the official opening of the International Telecommunication union (ITU)-SADC Emergency Telecommunications and Early Warning for All (EW4All) Regional Capacity Development Workshop in Harare on Wednesday. The workshop is a collaborative initiative between the SADC Secretariat, ITU and the Government of Zimbabwe.

“This collaborative effort marks a significant milestone in our shared commitment to enhancing emergency telecommunications capabilities throughout the SADC region,” said Deputy Minister Phuti.

He said the region remains highly vulnerable to climate-induced disasters such as tropical cyclones, floods and droughts, which often result in loss of life, destruction of property, crop damage and disruption of critical information infrastructure.

“In times of crisis, local telecommunications and ICT systems can be severely disrupted, leaving communities without vital communication channels when they need them most,” Deputy Minister Phuti said.

“Timely, reliable and coordinated telecommunications are the backbone of effective disaster response.

“They enable governments, humanitarian agencies and first responders to act swiftly and decisively to save lives.”

Deputy Minister Phuti said telecommunications play a central role across all four stages of disaster management — mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery — but acknowledged that several SADC member states still face gaps in preparedness.

“Issues such as lack of harmonised standard operating procedures, limited interoperability among systems, delays in supporting emergency telecommunications equipment and weak coordination mechanisms during emergencies continue to hinder our collective efforts,” he said.

Thanks to heraldonline.co.zw for this report.

From Popular Mechanics comes a report that nuclear power has the potential to help cut humanity’s addiction to fossil fuels, but scientists are still working on how to deal with its radioactive leftovers.

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility received more than $8 million this month to develop technologies that can drastically reduce radioactivity and spent fuel, producing usable electricity in the process.

The facility relies on superconducting radiofrequency and a pure niobium cavity to accelerate a proton beam that knocks neutrons loose from a target material, and interacts with nuclear waste that converts into more manageable isotopes.

“These neutrons will interact with unwanted isotopes from nuclear power stations and convert them into more manageable isotopes that you can either try out for some beneficial use or bury underground,” Rongli Geng, the principal investigator from Jefferson Lab, said in a press statement. “Instead of having a lifetime of 100,000 years in storage, for example, you can shorten the storage years down to 300.”

The process also creates an immense amount of heat that the engineers hope can be converted into usable electricity.

Sounds like a win-win situation, doesn’t it!

Two or three years ago, I reported on a spacecraft called DART that was sent up to collide with a little asteroid called Dimorphos, which was orbiting its larger sibling Didymos, to see if a planned collision could change the trajectory of the little rock, and which could have implications for protecting Earth from future asteroid strikes.

Within a month, researchers showed that the impact shortened Dimorphos’ 12-hour orbit by 32 minutes. Most of that change came from the impact itself. Some of it came from flying impact debris, which gave Dimorphos a little kick in the opposite direction of its motion.

Some of the rocks knocked off of Dimorphos fled the vicinity completely, escaping the gravitational influence of the Dimorphos–Didymos pair, says planetary defense researcher Rahil Makadia of the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign. Those rocky runaways took some momentum away from the duo and changed their joint motion around the sun.

To figure out how much that motion was affected, astronomers watched the asteroids pass in front of distant stars, dimming some of the stars’ light like a tiny eclipse. These blinks, called stellar occultations, can be visible from anywhere on Earth and are predictable in advance.

“Oftentimes it’s amateur astronomers going out in the middle of nowhere to track Didymos based on predictions,” Makadia says. “There was an observer who drove two days each way into the Australian outback to get these measurements.”

Makadia and colleagues gathered 22 such measurements taken from October 2022 to March 2025. Calculating how far off occultation timings were from predictions revealed that the asteroids’ orbit around the sun was about 150 milliseconds slower than before the DART impact.

The result could be confirmed later this year, when the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft arrives at Didymos and Dimorphos for follow-up observations.

Didymos and Dimorphos are not a threat to Earth, Makadia says, and weren’t even before DART. But knowing how a deliberate impact changes one asteroid’s orbit can help make defense plans against another, “in case we need to do a kinetic impact for real.”

Thank you to Lisa Grossman, writing in Science News, for this report.

With apologies for the gruff voice, this is Dave Reece ZS1DFR reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

A magnitude 5.3 earthquake struck Bangladesh on Friday the 27^th at 07h52 UTC and at a depth of about 10km below ground, in the Khulna area. About 5000 people were exposed to severe shaking, and the humanitarian impact is expected to be at a medium level. 180000 people live within a 10km radius of the epicentre. At the time of writing no casualty figures were available.

theguardian.com in Australia says that the population will soon receive intrusive alerts on their smartphones to warn of impending emergencies as governments overhaul warning systems for natural disasters and other serious events.

The AusAlert system will be rolled out through a series of trials from June, replacing state-based text messaging systems which often struggle because of demand in major emergencies. Alerts will be sent for bushfires, floods, biosecurity threats and public safety incidents like shootings. The messages will link users to more information from official sources online.

Instead of text messages, AusAlert will appear as a home screen message on phones in designated geographic areas. The alerts will have the capability to be targeted down to individual streets, with the highest-level threat alert accompanied by a loud, intrusive tone.

Alerts will be received by anyone with a phone in the specific location inside a specific time range, for between 10 minutes and 24 hours.

A national test, set to send alerts to about 23 million smartphones, is planned for 27^th July at 2pm, Eastern Time. As many as 90% of phones in Australia are expected to receive them.

The system is designed to work for most phones released since 2019. Testing is being conducted for interactions between the system and smartwatches, car-play systems and other devices.

Users will not be able to opt out of the highest-level threat alert. Opt-out functionality will be available for lower level threats, known as priority alerts.

AusAlert is expected to be fully operational by October, before the 2026-27 high-risk weather season. Existing state-based emergency text alert systems will be decommissioned by July 2027.

Thanks to theguardian.com for these paragraphs.

In an interesting article from Cuba, published on Friday, a father-and-son radio amateur pair was able to help a doctor help his patient. On the 18^th February, a doctor from a council polyclinic attempted to contact the integrated Medical Emergencies System, because he had a 12 year old patient with abdominal pain and fever, and suspected appendicitis.

Unfortunately, due to a fuel shortage and major power failure they were experiencing in Cuba at the time, the telephone base system was dead.  Without a coordinated ambulance or operational conventional channels, the doctor went to the home of the amateur radio operators.

Although their devices also had no battery due to the blackout caused by the fuel shortage, they managed to activate the radios, thanks to a battery from a motorcycle borrowed from a neighbour.

The general call was received from Santiago de Cuba by CL8YDY, who was able to connect with the emergency system.

In less than an hour, arrangements were made for the patient’s transfer to the hospital, where the girl underwent successful surgery.

The article in the periodical notes that the performance of father and son once again demonstrates the value of amateur radio in critical situations and the commitment of citizens who take the initiative to provide what should have been guaranteed by state institutions.

Thanks to cibercuba.com for the story.

Hamsci.org has announced the 9^th annual Ham SCI Workshop, which will take place on 14^th and 15^th March, at Central Connecticut State University, and in conjunction with the ARRL.

This year’s theme, “Discovering Science through Ham Radio“, celebrates the community’s achievements, including Personal Space Weather Station deployments, meteor scatter propagation studies and the promotion of WSPR as a propagation sensing tool. The workshop is expected to feature more than 50 poster and oral presentations, plus invited tutorials, and a banquet with a keynote address by a prominent member of the community.

The program will focus on the latest findings, strategies, and best practices in ionospheric science.  It has been designed to bring together the amateur radio and professional science communities. Anyone with an interest in these subjects is welcome to attend. Most speakers and attendees will participate in person. However, a virtual option will also be available. 

Radio amateurs in Cape Town were kept occupied yesterday in two different fields.

Saturday the 28th of February saw the inaugural Blind Navigator’s Rally for the 2026 season hosted by the Table View Lions and the Sea Point Lions. The event was run from the WPMC Clubhouse at the Killarney race track and saw 34 volunteer drivers with their blind or partially sighted navigators take on a two hour route that took them all the way to Atlantis and the surrounding areas before returning to the Clubhouse at Killarney.

The event is an annual highlight for the navigators as the championship trophy for the previous year is also awarded here. This year’s route was particularly challenging due to the road quality and end-of-month traffic congesting the roads. Eventually all of the participants made their way back to the Clubhouse where a fish-and-chips lunch was served and the results were announced.

The winning team was made up of a first-time driver and his veteran blind navigator – the first time in the 59 years of the BNR that a new driver went home with the honours.

The BNR organising committee also noted the sad passing of the cornerstone of rallying, namely Roger Manton ZR1AKK last year, and their consequent restructuring of the committee to fill the humongous shoes now left empty.

 Many thanks to Davy ZR1FR who manned the control radio, Johann ZS1JM who performed sweep duties, and Jannie ZS1JFK who provided radio assistance to the zero car during the event.

Please do consider assisting with future BNRs as these are a great, selfless way to assist with the safety and success of these wonderful outings. The next BNR will be held in Tulbagh on Saturday 21 March 2026.

Thank you Jannie ZS1JFK for providing the report so soon after the race.

The other event yesterday was the annual Mega-Fleamarket held at the Cape Town Amateur Radio Centre clubhouse in Rondebosch in the morning. As is usually the case, sellers are amateurs selling either their surplus stuff, or sometimes kits or modules for inclusion in homebrew activities undertaken by the buyers.

Curious would-be purchasers came from all clubs in the Cape, and it was a good excuse to greet old friends again, and enjoy light refreshments sold by the club. Luckily the weather played the game, and a good time was had by all. Thank you to the CTARC for hosting the event, and to the workers from the club who made it all happen.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

In reaction to Tropical Cyclone GEZANI, which finally stopped being a danger to Madagascar and Mozambique this last week, the South African Development Community has deployed its Emergency Response Team (ERT) to support the Government of Madagascar after GEZANI made landfall on 10 February 2026. This was a second destructive system to hit Madagascar within just ten days, following the impacts of Tropical Cyclone FYTIA which made landfall on 31 January, compounding the crisis. The cyclone resulted in loss of life, significant displacement, destruction of infrastructure and significant disruption to essential services.

The deployment of the SADC ERT forms part of SADC’s established regional disaster response mechanisms, which are designed to complement and reinforce Government-led efforts in Member States severely affected by natural disasters. The ERT has been deployed in collaboration with MapAction, Rescue South Africa and the World Food Programme (WFP). The teams will be on the ground in Madagascar from 16 to 28 February, providing technical support to national authorities in emergency response coordination, search and rescue, geospatial expertise to inform decision making, ongoing situation monitoring and the consolidation of a regional humanitarian appeal informed by evolving impact assessments.

GDACS says the final death toll in Madagascar stands at 59, with another 4 fatalities recorded in coastal areas of Mozambique, where GEZANI passed close to the city of Inhambane last Saturday. Luckily, the Cyclone then moved directly south and appears to have dissipated in the Indian Ocean south east of Southern Africa.

Brian ZS6YZ tells me that HAMNET Gauteng supported by members from the Vaal area, the Free State and Secunda provided communications support for the DisChem Retina SA Ride for Sight Cycle Event over last weekend the 14-15th February.

The events started and ended at the Boksburg Stadium, just a stone’s throw away from the Brakpan airfield where HAMNET Gauteng has their base and where their trailer and container cache is also situated.

Early on Saturday morning the trailers were collected from the rental company using the rental vehicles that were delivered on Friday. The communications equipment needed was collected from the cache at the container and the set-up of the JOC on the first floor of the Boksburg stadium started. Antennas were mounted on the mast of the HAMNET trailer and on the 6m mast attached to the rear of Brian’s Land Cruiser, with RF cables being run to the operating positions of the two JOC radio operators, Stephen ZS6SKY and Gideon ZS4GJA. A repeater was set up for Stadium communications and another repeater was set up at a venue on the Eastern side of the Suikerbosrand as fill-in for the dead spot behind the mountain. A WiFi link was also put up between the JOC and the start/finish to allow for a camera feed so that the JOC could have situational awareness of what was happening at that spot.

This year a number of the HAMNET members decided to sleep over at the JOC and after setting up their beds a welcome bring and braai was enjoyed by everyone and then those sleeping over retired for the 03:00 start on Sunday morning.

During the course of the day on Saturday the weather turned cold with an easterly wind blowing straight from the Antarctic. Luckily there was no rain and the next morning the day started off cold, windy and partly cloudy – ideal weather for the cyclists.

At short notice the organizers needed to change the long route due to road works. This changed the 106 km long route to a distance of 125 km and the first water point on the long route had to be moved to a different location. This change in the route was welcomed by everyone as it took the cyclists out into the country and on to the open road. The organizers introduced a new 10 km fun route for the youngsters that also attracted a number of entrants. Over five thousand riders participated and the event ran successfully with relatively few incidents other than two vehicles being stolen from the stadium despite a strong security presence.

Both Willem, ZS6WIM the JOC Commander for the event and Brian, ZS6YZ who assisted Willem on the day would like to thank all the water point managers of the 5 water points that acted as mini-JOCs and their sweeps for doing a great job fielding the curved balls thrown at the HAMNET team this year. Maud, the XYL of Willem provided all the logistics support assisted by Elaine the XYL of Stephen ZS6SKY and Linda ZS6LMG.

As Brian reminded everyone at the debrief on Monday evening after the event, curved balls are a part of any disaster response and having curved balls thrown at us just helps us become more resilient and better prepared for the time that we are called for duty.

Thank you, Brian for the comprehensive report.

For those of you interested in a special contact with Bouvet, the latest DXpedition to Bouvet Island, 3YØK, is back on track after a 2-week delay for mechanical repairs to its ship, the Argus. Team Media Manager James Gallo, KB2FMH, confirmed reports from earlier this week that the ship had arrived in Cape Town, and was being loaded with the expedition’s equipment. The team of 24 operators includes 22-year-old Max Freedman, N4ML, an ARRL staff member.

In an earlier statement on the 3YØK website, the team leadership explained that “Our vessel requires additional maintenance to ensure it is fully prepared for the demanding voyage to one of the most remote and challenging locations on Earth.” The announcement added that “While this delay is disappointing, the safety of our team remains our highest priority. The adjustment does not change the overall strategy of the DXpedition, which has been carefully planned over the past three years.”

Gallo says the ship will head out soon and that arrival time will be weather-dependent. Updates will be posted on the expedition website, www.3y0k.com.

On Wednesday the 18^th, an APRS beacon popped up in Cape Town, belonging to one of the members of the expedition, with call sign OY1R, using a handheld radio. He has not been seen again since Wednesday. OY is the prefix for the Faroe Islands, belonging to Denmark, about halfway between Iceland and the Scottish Hebrides.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, wishing the team Bon Voyage down south, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.

Last week, we talked about Tropical Cyclone FYTIA crossing the waist of Madagascar from West to East, and causing 15 fatalities and affecting 85000 people. Hot on its heels comes Tropical Cyclone GEZANI, this one crossing the waist of Madagascar from East to West, and first announced by GDACS on Saturday the 7^th as “unnamed no 10”. Maximum wind speeds of 230km/h were predicted, and over 2 million people were in the firing line of winds of at least 120km/h. It was expected to make landfall in the province of Toamasina, on Tuesday the 10^th.

On Thursday, bbc.com reported that at least 40 people died after the cyclone struck Madagascar, says the disaster authority in the Indian Ocean Island, with GDACS reporting 427 injured people, 16300 displaced, 18700 houses destroyed, and 51700 damaged, as well as 269400 people affected in one way or another. The Cyclone made landfall on Tuesday, hitting the island’s main port, Toamasina. Madagascar’s disaster management office said there was “total chaos” – reporting that houses collapsed in the impact zone, where the bodies were found.

Neighbourhoods were plunged into darkness as power lines snapped, while trees were uprooted and roofs ripped off.

As many as 250,000 people are “affected or displaced”, Environment Minister Max Fontaine Andonirina told BBC Newsday on Thursday. Huge challenges include “disruptions to food-supply chains, to the fuel transport, and to medical access, because most of the major roads are cut”, he added.

“What happened is a disaster, nearly 75% of the city of Toamasina was destroyed,” the country’s military leader Colonel Michael Randrianirina, who seized power in October, told the AFP news agency. “The current situation exceeds Madagascar’s capabilities alone,” he added.

The cyclone’s landfall is likely to have been one of the most intense recorded around the city in the satellite era, according to the CMRS cyclone forecaster on France’s Reunion island, AFP reports.

GEZANI emerged over the Mozambique Channel on the night of the 11^th, and was expected to approach the southeastern coast of Mozambique between Friday and Saturday.

For the first time, scientists have detected a molecule critical to life in interstellar space. Writing for UniverseToday, Matthew Williams says that The chemical is known as Thiepine, a ring-shaped sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon produced in biochemical reactions. When examining a star-forming region about 27,000 light-years from Earth near the centre of the Milky Way, astronomers from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and the CSIC-INTA Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) detected this complex molecule in space for the first time. This detection represents the largest sulfur-bearing molecule ever detected beyond Earth, with significant implications for the study of the cosmic origins of life.

By combining astronomical observations with laboratory experiments, they confirmed the presence of this six-membered, 13-atom molecule in a region of space similar to the cloud of gas and dust (nebula) from which new star systems form. The team synthesized the molecule in the laboratory by subjecting liquid thiophenol, a related hydrocarbon, to a 1,000-volt electrical discharge and then examining the results using a custom-built spectrometer. This enabled them to measure the precise radio-frequency emission from the resulting thiepine molecules.

They then compared this spectral signature to data obtained by CAB astronomers using the IRAM 30-meter and the Yebes 40-meter radio telescopes in Spain. Until now, astronomers had only detected small sulfur compounds of six atoms or fewer in interstellar space, which play an essential role in proteins and enzymes. Meanwhile, larger sulfur-bearing molecules like thiepine remained elusive, so the gap between the types of organics found in meteorites and the chemistry observed in space persisted. The newly discovered thiepine molecule is structurally related to molecules found in meteorite samples.

This demonstrates, for the first time, a connection between Astrochemistry and life on Earth. “This is the first unambiguous detection of a complex, ring-shaped sulfur-containing molecule in interstellar space—and a crucial step toward understanding the chemical link between space and the building blocks of life”, said lead author Mitsunori Araki, a researcher at MPE. “Our results show that a 13-atom molecule structurally similar to those in comets already exists in a young, starless molecular cloud. This proves that the chemical groundwork for life begins long before stars form”, added co-author Valerio Lattanzi, a scientist at MPE.

The discovery suggests that many more complex sulfur-bearing molecules likely remain undetected in interstellar space. The results also bolster recent findings from Aarhus University and the Institute for Nuclear Research that showed how peptides, another crucial ingredient for life, can form in interstellar space spontaneously. These and other findings indicate that the origins of life reside in space, and are far more plentiful than previously thought!

Thank you to universetoday.com for this article.

Ian Bradley ZS1BR sent me, hot off the press, a report on the Porterville Car Rally held yesterday the 14th, supported by hams from round and about the Western Cape. He writes:

“The 2026 rally season got off to a cracking start in Porterville this year with 19 vehicles competing for the top spot.

“Control was established at Porterville Showgrounds at 08:45, and operators dispatched to the start and end of stages. Although it was sunny, the weather remained fairly cool for a change, with temperatures peaking at 28°C and a cool breeze throughout the day.

“We received a bit of a curve ball when the Piketberg repeater (145.625) dropped out at 11:30 and stopped responding to any input. Fortunately we had a backup plan in place and quickly switched to the Hawequa repeater (145.650) for the remainder of the day. Both were easily accessible with a handheld, but the windy conditions did make communications challenging at times.

“The competitors suffered all manner of mechanical failures, and one vehicle even finished a stage with only 3 wheels attached! Thankfully no serious incidents occurred and the medical teams were not called upon. The final stage finished at 15:30 and we were able to relieve all of their duties and send them on their way.

“Special thanks to ZS1JM, ZS1LAM, ZS1ES, ZR1JL, ZS1PJG, ZS1JFK, ZS1ATX (and of course ZS1BR) for lending their expertise and making it a very successful outing.

“We encourage you to volunteer and practice your emergency communication skills, as well as test your equipment at the next rally.”

Thank you Ian, for sending me the report so soon after the event.

This is Dave Reece ZS1DFR, hoping to get lots more reports like this one from divisions around the country, and reporting for HAMNET in South Africa.